Any elevation of pressure in the downstream piping system (by pump, elevation of piping, steam pressure, air pressure, etc.) above the supply pressure at the point of consideration, which would cause or tend to cause a reversal of the normal direction of flow.

A form of backflow due to a reduction in system pressure, which causes a sub-atmospheric pressure to exist in the water system. When atmospheric pressure is greater than the potable water side, a reversal of flow can take place from the non-potable side.

• Please note that installation of a backflow prevention assembly at the water meter protects the public water system from potential backflow, but it does not prevent backflow within your internal piping system. We recommend that you have all potential cross-connections on your property identified and addressed by a qualified professional to maintain the safety of the water on your own property.
• Backflow prevention devices used to protect the distribution system must be installed immediately after the water meter. These devices are owned and maintained by the customer or property owner.
• Installation of a backflow prevention device immediately after the water meter is often required on agricultural, landscape, commercial or industrial water services.
• This device only protects the water distribution system.
• This device is installed above ground and has the necessary test connections to determine if each part of the device is operating correctly.
• Test cocks on a backflow prevention device are only to be used by Certified Testers for testing the device. Connections to the test cocks or any other part of the device defeat the purpose of the backflow prevention device, and could damage it.

There are other types of devices to protect the water distribution system or on-site potable system. The type of device to be installed to protect the potable water system is determined based on water use and backflow potential. Types of backflow prevention devices are listed below:

• Air Gap Method
• Reduced Pressure Principal (RPP) Assembly
• Hose Bib or Irrigation System Atmospheric Vacuum Breaker (AVB)
• Double Check (DC)
• Dual Check
• Pressure Vacuum Breaker (PVB)
  • Spill-Resistant Vacuum Breaker (SVB)

Federal and State law requires water suppliers to protect their water systems from contamination and pollution.  Under the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ), all water purveyors must have a Cross-Connection Control Program.

View Regulations

As part of Liberty’s Cross-Connection Program, the Cross-Connection Control Specialist routinely conducts surveys of new and existing facilities to determine which type of backflow prevention is necessary to protect the water system.

Liberty must assure that the distribution system is protected from contamination and pollution from backflow. If backflow prevention is required at the water meter, these devices must be tested initially and annually to assure they are operating correctly. Tests and maintenance of backflow prevention devices must be conducted by AWWA Certified Testers.

Certified testers are responsible for performing accurate tests, and repairing or replacing devices that fail. Additionally, testers must report all repairs and test results to Liberty. After the testing is complete, the tester should give a copy of the test report to the customer and send the original report to Liberty and upload the results to BSI.

Plumbers, landscapers and other contractors are required to follow the latest publication of the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) regarding backflow and cross-connection prevention. Customers should contact state licensed contractors for modifications to their plumbing.

The backflow prevention device test only takes a few minutes. The test assures that each part of the device is operating correctly. If the device fails the first test, the tester must investigate the reasons for the failure and, if necessary, repairs must be made. Often, cleaning will correct the problem. To maintain proper protection, devices that fail the initial test must be repaired and re-tested within 15 days.

Any elevation of pressure in the downstream piping system (by pump, elevation of piping, steam pressure, air pressure, etc.) above the supply pressure at the point of consideration, which would cause or tend to cause a reversal of the normal direction of flow.

A form of backflow due to a reduction in system pressure, which causes a sub-atmospheric pressure to exist in the water system. When atmospheric pressure is greater than the potable water side, a reversal of flow can take place from the non-potable side.

An impairment of the quality of the water which creates an actual hazard to public health through poisoning or through the spread of disease by sewage, industrial fluids, waste, etc.

The water system begins with the source of water such as groundwater or surface water. Wells, pumps and treatment facilities are part of the water system which delivers water to the distribution system. The water distribution system consists of tanks and pipes which store and deliver treated water to customers.

Pollution is an impairment to  the quality of the water to a degree which does not create a hazard to the public health but which does adversely and unreasonably affect aesthetic qualities.

Potable (POE-tuh-bull) water is water that does not contain objectionable pollution, contamination, minerals, or infective agents and is considered satisfactory for drinking and other domestic purposes.